26. Ecologically Informed Wildfire Policy and Management

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26. Ecologically Informed Wildfire Policy and Management

📅 DateSaturday, February 7
📍 AreaHall B
⏰ Time10:00 am – 11:45 am
California has embarked on an effort to treat millions of acres in the name of wildfire resilience. These millions of acres of treatments span the panoply of habitats that make our state globally significant. This session focuses on habitat management that is informed by the latest science.
SESSION CHAIR
Bryant Baker, M.S.

Wildland Mapping Institute, Oxnard, CA, United States

Bryant Baker, M.S.
Wildland Mapping Institute
Bryant Baker is a GIS analyst, cartographer, and public land conservation professional based in Oxnard, California. He is currently the Director of Advocacy and Education at Runners for Public Lands. Before that, he served as the Director of Conservation & Research at Los Padres ForestWatch, where he worked on fire-related issues in California for nearly a decade. Bryant continues to do GIS consulting work as Wildland Mapping Institute and has published multiple papers on fire ecology and management in shrublands and forests of the western USA. Bryant has been featured in over 100 news articles about public land conservation and wildfire issues. His maps and analyses have appeared in the Los Angeles Times, San Diego Tribune, Oregon Public Broadcasting, Montana Free Press, Mother Jones, and other media outlets. Bryant is also a plant and landscape photographer whose photos have appeared in books, magazines, and newspapers across the region.

26.1 From Ashes to Action: Recovery and County Response to the 2025 Eaton Fire

Cristhian Mace

County of Los Angeles, Pasadena, CA, United States

Description
The 2025 Eaton Fire and subsequent storm surges reshaped Eaton Canyon Natural Area, altering more than 190 acres of parkland at the wildland–urban interface. Fire and flood are long-standing ecological processes in the San Gabriel Mountains, but the impacts of the Eaton Fire unfolded within a modern context of climate change, invasive species, and heavy recreational use, creating complex management challenges.

This presentation will share how Los Angeles County, in collaboration with landscape architects, biological consultants, local tribes, academic institutions, and core community partners like the CNPS, is responding to these changes through science-based, culturally-based, and community-driven recovery efforts. Topics will include: (1) establishing post-fire baselines using, amongst other tools, CNPS vegetation assessment protocols, iNaturalist, and eBird; (2) sedimentation and geomorphological studies that inform hydrology and erosion responses; (3) incorporating Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into restoration planning; (4) strategies for prioritizing invasive species management while supporting regeneration of natural communities; and (5) engaging volunteers and docents in long-term monitoring and stewardship efforts.

Although many baseline studies are ongoing, early findings point to several clear needs. Vegetation assessments and biodiversity intake through iNaturalist and eBird show a strong rebound of native plants but also a significant rise in non-native species, confirming the need for aggressive removal efforts now underway. Wildlife is steadily returning, supported by visual observations, trail camera detections, and sign. The February, March, and November storm surges caused heavy sediment deposition in several stretches of the wash, localized areas of bank failure, and exposed bedrock in tributary canyons, highlighting both significant geomorphic change and the County’s need to actively manage these spaces to maintain the integrity of the wash and support safe public access for years to come.

By viewing the Eaton Fire not solely as a disruption but as part of an evolving fire–flood regime, this work emphasizes resilience and adaptive management rooted in both science and traditional cultural practices. Lessons emerging from Eaton Canyon’s recovery extend beyond this landscape, offering insights for managing biodiversity, visitor use, and restoration priorities across California’s fire-adapted landscapes.
Presenter Bios
Cristhian Mace
County of Los Angeles
Cristhian Mace is the Natural Areas Biologist for the County of Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation. She manages ecological research, habitat assessments, and conservation planning across the County’s Natural Areas, with a focus on vegetation mapping, wildlife monitoring, and resource stewardship. With two decades of experience in ecology and conservation, Cristhian has worked in biological consulting, community science, and public land management, bringing a unique perspective that bridges field biology, planning, and public engagement. Her current work emphasizes fire ecology, climate resilience, and collaborative restoration, including projects at Eaton Canyon, Devil’s Punchbowl, and other protected areas. She is passionate about integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and community stewardship into adaptive management strategies, ensuring that natural resource protection is both science-based and culturally grounded.

26.2 From Proclamation to Preservation: Implementing Rare Plant Protections Under Emergency State Regulation Suspensions

Scott C. Gressard

Ascent Environmental, San Diego, CA, United States

Description
In response to California’s intensifying catastrophic wildfire crisis, particularly from vegetation fuel load accumulations along the wildland urban interface, Governor Newsom issued the March 1, 2025 Emergency Proclamation (Proclamation) that temporarily suspended key provisions and review processes under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), California Fish and Game Code, and other state-level biological resource legislation for critical fuels reduction projects.

While the Proclamation removed many steps in the formal environmental review process, best management requirements to minimize impacts on biological resources were still incorporated in the Statewide Fuels Reduction Environmental Protection Plan (EPP), updated in May 2025, for implementing emergency fuel reduction work, which include measures requiring applicants to identify and avoid special-status plant populations.

This presentation will outline the regulatory setting, methods, results, and constraints of implementing accelerated focused rare plant surveys in compliance with the EPP best management requirements on a large-scale. Drawing from fieldwork conducted during the 2025 spring season within San Diego County along linear vegetation treatment work areas adjacent to transportation corridors throughout the region, this presentation will describe an approach to adaptive floristic assessment over a large area containing a range of elevations and strategically targeting blooming periods for multiple species to maximize detections and future avoidance. Strategies for processing and visualizing large fuel treatment datasets using ArcGIS will also be described.

Attendees will leave with a practical understanding of state environmental policy exemptions relating to vegetation fuel treatment and how to respond quickly to fast-changing ecological and regulatory conditions by balancing stewardship goals with emergency-response effectiveness.
Presenter Bios
Scott C. Gressard
Ascent Environmental
Scott Gressard is the Director of Biological Services at Ascent Environmental, where he leads the firm’s biology practice across Southern California. With more than a decade of experience in environmental consulting, Scott specializes in biological resource management, regulatory permitting, and multi-agency coordination. Scott holds a Master of Science in Biology and a Bachelor of Science in Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution from UC San Diego.

26.3 A Different Kind of Fuel Modification: Balancing Fire Safety and Habitat

Ryan Neace, Alan Kaufmann

Laguna Canyon Foundation, Laguna Beach, CA, United States

Description
Laguna Beach is a quaint coastal village located about halfway between San Diego and Los Angeles that is best known for its stunning beaches, spectacular hillside homes, and history of destructive wildfires. Over 85% of Laguna Beach is designated as a "Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone." With narrow neighborhood streets and limited evacuation routes, wildfire prevention and resilience are top priorities for the city.  

Since 2015, Laguna Canyon Foundation, a local 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, has teamed up with the Laguna Beach Fire Department to help manage the city-wide network of fuel breaks. Hand-crew treatment zones take a unique approach to fuel-break construction and maintenance by prioritizing native plants while targeting the removal of invasive species, including but not limited to: Cortaderia sellanoa (pampas grass), Brassica tournefortii (Sahara mustard), and Delairea odorata (cape ivy). Now, 10 years after the program’s initiation, new lessons are still being learned. Updates on the program include some of our major challenges, new expansion areas and new observations of rare plants (such as Verbesina dissita (bigleaf crownbeard), Polygala cornuta var. fishiae (Fish’s milkwort) and Calochortus weedii var. intermedius (intermediate mariposa lily)).  

The success story of the recent 2025 “Rancho Fire” that put a fuel modification zone into action for the first time in the program’s history, showing that this program works as intended: to aid firefighting efforts by providing defensible space and reducing overall fuel continuity. The Laguna Beach Fuel Modification Program serves as an inspiration and model for community wildfire resilience and habitat conservation.
Presenter Bios
Ryan Neace
Laguna Canyon Foundation
Ryan is a California Native Plant Society Certified Field Botanist, licensed Pest Control Advisor and Laguna Canyon Foundation's Conservation Coordinator. Ryan is a South Orange County local who, after earning his bachelor's degree in agriculture science from California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, returned to help protect and restore the natural resources of his hometown. Ryan has always been fascinated by the natural world and is extremely grateful to serve the community as a voice for the priceless natural resources of the South Coast Wilderness.

26.4 Native Plants and Fire: Much of What We Think We Know is Wrong!

Mr. Greg Rubin

California Native Plant Society San Diego Chapter, San Diego, CA, United States. Association of Professional Landscape Designers, San Diego, CA, United States

Description
Assumptions about the fire behavior of landscape vegetation, especially those comprised of native vegetation, are often inaccurate and lacking real-world examples and analysis. Much of the research involves lab investigations and models that do not reflect California's true fire ecology or environmental factors. There is insufficient emphasis on wind-driven vs. fuel-driven models, which can spell the difference between rapid containment and catastrophe. Macro-scale fire severity zone modeling doesn't reflect individual community-scale influences on wind-driven fire or fuel loading. The effects of vegetation on potentially slowing, blocking, deflecting, catching and cooling embers attacking homes have been largely ignored. Much of the politically performative proposed legislation advocates vegetation removal around structures, leaving homes and communities largely exposed to hazardous high-velocity ember attacks.

Along with the lack of true wind-driven aerodynamic analysis there is a lack of understanding that Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) is the primary determinant of vegetative flammability, not plant species. Measured as the ratio of water weight to biomass, LFMCs of 100% or greater generally indicate fire-resilience. Native plants can achieve these levels of hydration with less than half the supplemental summer irrigation required by non-native “drought tolerant” plants. This limited amount of supplemental moisture is well tolerated by many native plants, being similar to summer thunderstorms or fog drip that would be found in their natural habitats.

Portraying native plants as the "boogeymen" of fire events encourages their wholesale destruction, rather than the potential of hydrated natives to protect homes and communities. Our 4-year US Navy study investigating the effects of vegetation hydration on fire spread will be shared, along with actual documented case histories.
Presenter Bios
Mr. Greg Rubin
California Native Plant Society San Diego Chapter
Greg Rubin was named the 2018 Horticulturist of the Year by the San Diego Horticultural Society. He is the founder of California’s Own Native Landscape Design, Inc., and is a licensed design/build landscape contractor (C-27 No. 717147) who has been working with California native plants since 1985 with over 800 landscapes. One of Greg’s specialties is fire-resistant native landscapes. Greg’s designs have experienced 25 fire events without the loss of a single home. His company was selected by the US Navy to conduct a 4-year scientific research project studying the fire-resistant properties of properly designed native landscapes, with very positive results. He was a key participant in the well-regarded 2022 APLD seminar “Slow the Burn”.

26.5 Mortality, Recruitment, and Growth of a Montane Hardwood-Conifer Forest in Southern California

Dr. Marko J. Spasojevic1, Erin McCann1, Sophie Crehan1, Genesis Hutchinson1, Adam Huynh1, Natalie Bonning2

1University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States. 2California State University, Long Beach, Riverside, CA, United States

Description
As humans continue to modify the landscape, forests are changing, and these changes have the potential to alter biodiversity and ecosystem function. Despite decades of forestry research in California, the impacts of fire exclusion on the forests of southern California remain understudied and misunderstood.

Using stem-mapped data in the 4-hectacre San Jacinto Forest Dynamics Plot, we analyzed mortality, recruitment, and growth of 16 species over 5 years in a montane hardwood-conifer forest. We measured growth by comparing changes in diameter at breast height (DBH) for every woody stem greater than 1cm DBH and assessed mortality and recruitment.

Over the 5-year period, 295 main stems died (6.3% of the 4,684 stems in the 2019 census) with 7 shrub species (Lonicera subspicata, Arctostaphylos glandulosa, A. pringlei, A. pungens, Rhododendron occidentale, Frangula californica, Ceanothus palmeri) having higher mortality rates (10.5% to 60.0%) than the 9 tree species (Quercus chrysolepis, Q. kelloggii, Q. wislizeni, Pinus coulteri, P. jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, P. ponderosa, Abies concolor, Calocedrus decurrens; 1.6% to 9.3%). Over the same period, 442 stems recruited into the sapling class resulting in a net addition of 147 stems. Calocedrus decurrens (incense cedar) and A. concolor (white fir) had the greatest net increase in number of stems (+158 and +41 respectively) while F. californica (California coffeeberry) and A. pringlei (Pringle manzanita) had the greatest declines (-50 and -41 respectively). Similarly, C. decurrens and A. concolor had the highest average growth (+2.64 and +2.23cm DBH respectively) followed by the 4 pine species, 3 oak species, and then by the shrubs. Our results are consistent with a fire suppressed forest where shade tolerant cedar and fir thrive, and fire dependent species decline suggesting a potential for changes to forest biodiversity and function without the reintroduction of fire.
Presenter Bios
Dr. Marko J. Spasojevic
University of California, Riverside
Marko Spasojevic is an Associate Professor in the department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology at the University of California Riverside. He is a plant community ecologist working at the interface of ecology, biogeography, and global change. His goal is to understand the mechanisms that influence patterns of biodiversity, and then to use that understanding to address environmental issues.

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The mission of the California Native Plant Society is to protect California’s native plants and their natural habitats, today and into the future, through science, education, stewardship, gardening, and advocacy.

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