32. Bryophytes and Lichens

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32. Bryophytes and Lichens: Exposing the Lifestyles of Those That Like to Keep a Low Profile

📅 DateSaturday, February 7
📍 AreaHall D
⏰ Time1:00 pm – 2:45 pm
Sponsored by Althouse and Meade

Bryophytes and lichens are important yet understudied components of California's biodiversity. Many of these tiny but mighty beings are indicators of ecosystem health and deserve more attention. Some have conservation status but many more await listing. This session highlights the growing conservation movement and may also include topics of biogeography, ecology, and floristics of these underserved organisms.
SESSION CHAIRS
Jordan Collins1, Shelly Benson2

1California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA, United States. 2Benson Bio Consulting, Sebastopol CA, United States. California Lichen Society, Fairfax, CA, United States.

Jordan Collins
California Native Plant Society
Jordan Collins is a lead field botanist in the Rare Plant Program for the California Native Plant Society conducting rare plant surveys, voucher, and seed collections all over California. He attended Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo studying field and wildlife biology, assisted with several field botany courses, and worked at the Robert F. Hoover Herbarium. Jordan is currently a board member for the CNPS Bryophyte Chapter and has contributed towards a bryoflora of the Santa Clara River Watershed in SoCal.
Shelly Benson
Benson Bio Consulting
Shelly Benson has been studying lichens in western North America for nearly three decades.  She is the chair of conservation for the California Lichen Society.  Her graduate research focused on lichen ecology in the canopy of old growth forests in northern British Columbia, Canada.  She’s currently interested in using lichens as biological indicators of air quality and climate.

32.1 Forward Progress on Bryophyte Conservation Across California

Dr. Ben Carter

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States

Description
Non-vascular plants, or bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts), comprise between 10% and 15% of California’s native plant diversity; however, conservation efforts for bryophytes have lagged behind those of the state’s vascular plants. Ongoing collecting efforts across the state continue to yield the discovery of many previously unknown species as well as important disjuncts that were previously not known from the state. Recent efforts, including the inception of the CNPS Bryophyte Chapter in 2015 and the nationwide conservation group the Bryophyte Conservation Alliance in 2025, have renewed interest in bryophyte conservation in California. Currently, approximately 40 of the ca. 850 bryophyte species in California have CNPS rare plant rankings. In this talk, an overview of bryophyte conservation will be provided, and an update will be given on plans to bring bryophyte conservation up to date, including identifying areas of significant concern for bryophyte conservation, developing workflows to fill data gaps in our understanding of rare bryophytes, and highlighting the progress made over recent years toward understanding conservation priorities for the state’s bryophytes.
Presenter Bios
Dr. Ben Carter
California Academy of Sciences
Ben is a research associate at the California Academy of Sciences, past president of the California Native Plant Society Bryophyte Chapter, and is on the organizing committee for the Bryophyte Conservation Alliance, the first nationwide bryophyte conservation organization in the US.

32.2 The Missing Middle: Mesophyll Biodiversity in California's Redwood National Park

M.S. John T. McLaughlin

San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States

Description
Macroorganisms (e.g., vascular plants, mammals) and microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) are well represented in the scientific literature. In contrast, meso-scale organisms (e.g., bryophytes, fungi, and invertebrates) are underrepresented in terms of biodiversity and genomic studies. The Missing Middle project is a global collaboration to unite taxonomic experts specializing in mesoorganisms to exchange knowledge, collect biodiversity data, discuss priorities for future meso-biodiversity studies, and contribute natural history collections and genetic data for these organisms. As an initial effort, biodiversity data were collected on bryophytes, lichens, non-lichenized fungi, and invertebrates following a controlled survey protocol at functionally similar ecosystems in California’s Redwood National Park and Norway’s coastal forests. Focusing largely on bryophytes, this presentation will discuss the taxonomic, ecological, and conservation implications resulting from these initial surveys, such as new occurrences of the CRPR 1B.2 moss Fissidens pauperculus.
Presenter Bios
M.S. John T. McLaughlin
San Jose State University
John McLaughlin is the curator of bryophytes for the Carl W. Sharsmith Herbarium at San Jose State University, which is home to over 10,000 preserved bryophyte specimens. John has been studying bryophytes since his undergraduate studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington and achieved his Master's degree by researching the bryophyte flora of Henry W. Coe State Park, located in Santa Clara and Stanislaus Counties. Since his graduation, John has published multiple peer-reviewed publications on the bryophyte flora of California and continues to study these fascinating organisms while working as a consulting botanist.

32.3 The Benefits of Completing Surveys for Species in Southern California that Are Most Overlooked: Lichens, Bryophytes, Micro-fungi and Terrestrial Micro-algae

Chris Coshland

University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States. Lichen and Bryophyte Group of Southern California (LBGSC), Wildomar, CA, United States

Description
Bryophytes, lichens, micro-fungi, and terrestrial algae encompass diverse groups of organisms with foundational roles in plant communities and broader ecosystem dynamics. Despite their importance, they are understudied both taxonomically and ecologically. Southern California contains a great number of undescribed lichens, bryophytes, fungi, and terrestrial algae. Knowledge gaps for the diversity of these species are the result of lack of studies that include what are common versus rare species, background data for climate change studies, specialized habitat associated species, and how to manage these species. Increased knowledge of these species and their rarity will inform better management of these species and their habitats. The purpose and the goals of the surveys would be to develop holistic management strategies for their conservation and develop a thorough record of the species that support them.
Presenter Bios
Chris Coshland
University of California, Riverside
Chris Coshland is a Federal Botanist/Natural Resource manager and the Lichen and Bryophyte Curator at the UC Riverside Herbarium.

32.4 Epiphytic Lichens on Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis) of San Bruno Mountain

Katrina N. McCollough, Dr. Jenna Ekwealor

San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States

Description
San Bruno Mountain provides a unique opportunity to study California's chaparral ecosystems, particularly species composition as it relates to temperature, precipitation, and distribution across different elevations as well as between coastal and inland communities. My research focuses on epiphytic lichens found on Coyote Brush and aims to clarify their ecological significance within this landscape. By investigating the distribution and diversity of these lichens, the study seeks to enhance understanding of their role in the ecosystem and inform conservation strategies. The findings are intended to contribute valuable insights for San Bruno Mountain’s Conservation Plan, highlighting the importance of lichens in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health. This work underscores the critical need to incorporate lichens into broader conservation efforts, ensuring the preservation of both the mountain’s natural beauty and its ecological integrity.
Presenter Bios
Katrina N. McCollough
San Francisco State University
Katrina recently graduated summa cum laude from San Francisco State University with a 4.0 GPA and has just joined CSU East Bay as a Master’s student majoring in Biological Science, focusing on endophytic fungi. Before returning to school in her late 20s, she worked as a freelance graphic designer and children’s book illustrator with a focus on nature and wildlife. Katrina plans to pursue a career in habitat restoration using fungi to improve soil health.

32.5 Legacy in Lichen: William P. Jordan’s 50-Year-Old California Collection and Insights Into a Farallon Islands Endemic, Edrudia constipans

Sarah Burton

University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

Description
As part of the cryptogam group, lichens are partially responsible for fixing some 54 million tons of nitrogen per year, approximately 46% of the total absorbed nitrogen worldwide. While they are small, their contribution is mighty, and their conservation protection is crucial.

An orphaned collection created by late Professor William P. Jordan of the University of San Francisco, whose specimens date from 1966 to 1981, are currently being identified and databased through the generous support of the California Institute of Biodiversity. Jordan’s efforts at the University of San Francisco are a part of a history of documenting California lichens that started with Archibald Menzies in 1792. The first comprehensive study of California lichens was published by Albert W. Herre in 1910. The first catalogue of the state’s lichens was published by Shirley Tucker and Jordan in 1978.

The information these specimens provide is metadata that can help determine how their environment is changing and direct conservation and management strategies to combat biodiversity loss in the state of California, a biodiversity hotspot. When combined with DNA analysis, specimens in this collection will contribute to global lichen conversation, and provide a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the status of lichen populations. This includes those of Edrudia constipans, a lichen species named by Jordan in 1980 and the only lichen endemic to San Francisco’s Farallon Islands. The first ever DNA analysis of this species provides guidance for its taxonomic and phylogenetic placement and management recommendations for the federally protected marine sanctuary where it grows.
Presenter Bios
Sarah Burton
University of San Francisco
Sarah Burton is a graduate student in ecology at the University of San Francisco and holds a BA in Religion from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. As president of the Starr King Open Space, a serpentine grassland in San Francisco, and a member of the board of the California Lichen Society, Sarah actively mentors young Californians, lectures for public audiences, and collaborates to bring community science and academia together. Sarah’s research interests lie at the intersection of lichen taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis, population ecology, and conservation of California’s lichens and the rare and endemic plant species of California’s serpentine grasslands.

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